from about what latitude to what latitude did the original 13 states extend

Each of the 50 states that comprise the The states of America has its own shape. How their shapes were determined provides insight into how the United States became a nation like no other.
24/seven Tempo has taken a await at how each country got its shape. We reviewed materials such every bit Mark Stein'southward volume "How the States Got Their Shapes" to detect out how each state's contours fit into the g puzzle that is the United states of America.
According to Stein, the nigh important influences that determined the shapes of the states were the American Revolution, the structure of railroads, the proposal for the Erie Canal, and the upshot of slavery.
The American Revolution helped to ascertain the shapes of the original xiii colonies. The outlines of the earliest states were often shaped by geographic boundaries, such equally rivers. These are the oldest historic towns in every land.
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The original 13 colonies vary in shape and size. This did non delight Thomas Jefferson, who suggested that Congress create time to come states equal in size based upon breadth and longitude coordinates.
The structure of cross-country railroads and the Erie Canal helped dictate the contours of states where those modes of transport traversed.
The result of slavery also helped shape states in the territory that was included in the Louisiana Purchase of 1803. The Missouri Compromise of 1818 solidified the practice of determining state boundaries in the region based on where slavery was legal.
The two largest contiguous states, California and Texas, determined their own borders because of the political ability they wielded and the concern that they might secede from the U.S. if a territorial dispute arose. Every bit information technology turned out, Texas did cease upwardly seceding from the Union. Here'southward how your state was founded.

1. Alabama
► Population: 4,887,871
► Size (square miles): 50,645
► Capital letter: Montgomery
► Founded: Dec. 14, 1819 (22nd state to bring together)
► Famous landmarks: Edmund Pettus Bridge
Alabama'southward boundaries were created in colonial times. In March 1663, Rex Charles II of England created the Carolina colony out of the larger colony of Virginia and placed the southern limit of the new colony at the 31st parallel, now Alabama's southern boundary with Florida. Georgia was created out of the Carolina colony, and Alabama would emerge from Georgia. Alabama got access to the Gulf of Mexico in 1804, the year after the Louisiana Purchase. That was when the U.Southward. announced that the surface area between the Mississippi River and the Perdido River in what was part of what had been called West Florida -- and was owned by Espana -- was claimed by the United States. That area that bordered the Gulf of United mexican states would become function of southern Alabama.

2. Alaska
► Population: 737,438
► Size (square miles): 570,641
► Capital: Juneau
► Founded: January. three, 1959 (49th state to bring together)
► Famous landmarks: Denali (formerly Mount McKinley)
Alaska and Hawaii are the only ii states that do not share a border with any other part of the U.S. Alaska is surrounded by the Arctic and Pacific oceans on its N, South, and Due west sides. Alaska's 1,538-mile eastern border runs forth Canada's Yukon territory and British Columbia province. Russian federation sold Alaska to the U.Southward. in 1867. Russian federation and the British were engaged in a proto-Cold State of war at the time, and Russia decided to sell the territory that became Alaska to the U.S., which supported the Russian cause, instead of Canada, which was under British control at that time. The border betwixt Alaska and Canada runs along the 141st Superlative.

3. Arizona
► Population: 7,171,646
► Size (square miles): 113,594
► Capital: Phoenix
► Founded: Feb. fourteen, 1912 (48th land to join)
► Famous landmarks: G Canyon
Arizona's current shape came to be in 1863, well-nigh 50 years before the area became a state. Arizona and New Mexico were divide into dissever territories when President Abraham Lincoln signed the Arizona Organic Human activity during the Civil War equally a way to outlaw slavery in the new western areas the U.Southward. controlled. Its western edge is marked by the Colorado River and its southern border was determined a decade earlier by the 1853 Gadsden Purchase in which the U.Due south. purchased a vast swath of state from United mexican states.

4. Arkansas
► Population: 3,013,825
► Size (foursquare miles): 52,035
► Capital: Footling Rock
► Founded: June 15, 1836 (25th country to join)
► Famous landmarks: Hot Springs National Park
Arkansas borders Missouri to the north, Tennessee and Mississippi to the east, Louisiana to the south, and Texas and Oklahoma to the westward. An act of Congress in 1819 created the state'south northern purlieus along the 36 parallel from the Mississippi River to the St. Francis River, then up the river to create the Missouri bootheel.
Arkansas' boundary betwixt Tennessee and Mississippi was established after independence from England in 1795. Arkansas' boundary with Louisiana was also established when the Louisiana Purchase was divided in 1804 between the Commune of Orleans and the District of Louisiana. The 1819 treaty with Spain established Arkansas' western boundary subsequently the Louisiana Purchase, and the edge between Arkansas and Texas was prepare as running north from the Sabine River in Louisiana to the south bank of the Cherry-red River.

5. California
► Population: 39,557,045
► Size (foursquare miles): 155,779
► Capital: Sacramento
► Founded: Sept. 9, 1850 (31st country to join)
► Famous landmarks: Hollywood sign
Aside from its western border, which is the Pacific Ocean, California gear up its northern border along the 42nd parallel and the southern border was settled by the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo with Mexico. There was some sentiment amongst Californians to set the eastern boundary eastward of Table salt Lake Metropolis, simply others believed the federal government would not allow a state of that size. The northeast corner of the country was determined as where the 42nd parallel meets the 120th tiptop, which includes the Sierra Mountains. California as well could non extend east because Mormon settlers were already looking to establish their ain territory.

half-dozen. Colorado
► Population: 5,695,564
► Size (foursquare miles): 103,641
► Capital letter: Denver
► Founded: Aug. one, 1876 (38th state to join)
► Famous landmarks: Pikes Summit
Colorado began as a rectangular land when Congress created its territorial boundaries in 1861. The borders were established betwixt 37th and 41st parallels, and the 25th and 32nd longitudes. The area was taken from what would become Kansas, Utah, Nebraska, and New United mexican states. The state became less of a rectangle later because of errors by surveyors.

7. Connecticut
► Population: three,572,665
► Size (foursquare miles): 4,842
► Capital: Hartford
► Founded: Jan. ix, 1788 (5th state to bring together)
► Famous landmarks: Mark Twain House
The original lease creating Connecticut's border issued past King Charles Two in 1662 would take allowed Connecticut to merits most of Rhode Island, eastern Long Island, and all territory west to the Pacific Ocean. That was until New York was established by a patent to the Duke of York in 1664 and Connecticut lost claim to Long Island as a result. The western of the land edge was settled in 1682, and Connecticut and Massachusetts resolved their border in 1826.

8. Delaware
► Population: 967,171
► Size (square miles): 1,948
► Capital: Dover
► Founded: December. 7, 1787 (1st state to join)
► Famous landmarks: Bricklayer Dixon Marker
The borders of Delaware, the nation's first state, were created as a consequence of the resolution of disputes between the state and with Pennsylvania, Maryland, and New Bailiwick of jersey. Delaware was deeded to William Penn from the Duke of York in 1682. Penn was granted all the lands west of the Delaware River inside a 12-mile circle offset in New Castle. The southern border was created by Maryland and Pennsylvania surveyors in 1751. The western border was determined by surveys by Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon of Bricklayer-Dixon boundary fame in 1765. The Delaware River, Delaware Bay, and the Atlantic Ocean form the eastern edge.

nine. Florida
► Population: 21,299,325
► Size (foursquare miles): 53,624
► Capital: Tallahassee
► Founded: March 3, 1845 (27th country to bring together)
► Famous landmarks: Castillo de San Marcos
Spanish explorers offset came to Florida in the 16th century, and the Florida Panhandle once stretched to the Mississippi River. Spain claimed to ain the territories around New Orleans, but the U.S. also claimed ownership because of the 1803 Louisiana Purchase. By 1819, well-nigh of this disputed land with Espana was in American possession via the Adams-Onis Treaty, making Florida part of the U.S. Over time, the border of the panhandle shifted due east. Florida's northern purlieus with Georgia is marked by a large mound of dirt called Ellicott's Mound, near the headwaters of the St. Mary's River. In 1859, Georgia and Florida appointed surveyors Gustavus J. Orr and B. F. Whitner to complete a survey of the edge, and the Orr-Whitner line was accepted by Florida in 1861 and Georgia in 1866 equally the purlieus.

10. Georgia
► Population: 10,519,475
► Size (square miles): 57,513
► Capital: Atlanta
► Founded: Jan. ii, 1788 (4th country to join)
► Famous landmarks: Ebenezer Baptist Church
Georgia, founded past James Oglethorpe in 1732, defined its northeastern boundary equally the starting time of the headwaters of the Savannah River. Georgia's southern boundary with Florida is marked past a large mound of dirt called Ellicott's Mound, near the headwaters of the St. Mary'southward River. In 1859, Georgia and Florida appointed Gustavus J. Orr and B. F. Whitner to complete a survey of the border. The Orr-Whitner line was accepted by Florida in 1861 and Georgia in 1866 as the boundary. Georgia's western boundary was established post-obit an agreement over a land fraud dispute in the early 19th century.

11. Hawaii
► Population: 1,420,491
► Size (foursquare miles): 6,423
► Capital: Honolulu
► Founded: Aug. 21, 1959 (50th state to join)
► Famous landmarks: Diamond Head
Hawaii was shaped by nature, in this instance volcanic activity. The Hawaiian Islands were formed by a hot spot -- where Earth'southward tectonic plates come up together and sometimes create a volcano -- in the eye of the Pacific Plate. British explorer James Cook arrived in Hawaii in 1778, and simply over 100 years later, the U.South. made Hawaii a territory in 1898. The islands became the 50th state to join the Union.

12. Idaho
► Population: 1,754,208
► Size (square miles): 82,643
► Capital: Boise
► Founded: July three, 1890 (43rd state to bring together)
► Famous landmarks: Silver Metropolis
Idaho's borders changed many times throughout the mid-1800s before finally giving the country its distinctive shape we know today. The state that makes upwardly present-mean solar day Idaho was part of the Oregon Territory that was established in 1848 (the territory too included present-twenty-four hour period Oregon, Washington, and parts of Montana and Wyoming). Five years after, Idaho'due south panhandle became function of the newly-designated Washington Territory. When Oregon became a state in 1859, it had the same borders equally it does today, giving Idaho much of its western edge.
After gilt was discovered in Idaho in 1860, miners began moving east to the area. Concerned about the growing mining country, Washington Territory managed to create the Idaho Territory in 1863, and its western edge was established forth the 117th Superlative. Idaho eventually obtained its electric current shape after losing some of its land when the Montana Territory was established in 1864, and it used the Bitterroot Mountains as a boundary, and the Wyoming Territory was formed in 1868.

13. Illinois
► Population: 12,741,080
► Size (foursquare miles): 55,518
► Capital: Springfield
► Founded: Dec. three, 1818 (21st state to join)
► Famous landmarks: Wrigley Field
Illinois' shape was determined by the issue of slavery. When it was a territory, the northern border of Illinois went e-west from Lake Michigan to the Mississippi River. Nathaniel Pope, the Illinois Territory congressional consul, introduced an amendment to the human activity of statehood that would eventually move the purlieus further north, adding eight,500 foursquare miles. Pope wanted to proceed Chicago in Illinois to strengthen links with eastern states and said a planned canal connecting the Illinois River to Lake Michigan could bring commercial opportunities to Illinois. In 1825, the Erie Canal opened, linking Lake Erie and all the Great Lakes to the Hudson River and New York. Congress accustomed Pope'south amendment, changing Illinois' destiny forever. Moving the borders farther north would also diminish the state's connection with slave states.

14. Indiana
► Population: 6,691,878
► Size (foursquare miles): 35,826
► Capital letter: Indianapolis
► Founded: December. 11, 1816 (19th state to join)
► Famous landmarks: Madame C.J. Walker Manufacturing Company
Indiana'southward northern boundary was created by the Enabling Act of 1816 that moved the state'south border x miles north of the southernmost tip of Lake Michigan. This provided access to the Peachy Lake. Indiana would continue to accept boundary disputes with Ohio and Michigan until the latter became a state in 1837. The Ohio River forms the boundary betwixt Indiana and Kentucky, though the verbal border was upwardly for dispute until the Supreme Court settled the matter in 1980. The Wabash River forms the western border of Indiana.

15. Iowa
► Population: iii,156,145
► Size (foursquare miles): 55,857
► Capital: Des Moines
► Founded: Dec. 28, 1846 (29th state to bring together)
► Famous landmarks: Terrace Hill
Iowa was originally supposed to be much larger than it concluded up being. As Missouri was already a country, Iowa'south southern border was stock-still. Its original border proposal would have extended the state up to what is now the Twin Cities of Minnesota and set its eastern edge along the Mississippi River and its western edge forth the Missouri River.
The territory, like many others in the mid-1800s, was forever changed by the fight over slavery. Northerners wanted Iowa and other states in the area to be small and numerous to increment the number of anti-slavery senators from new states, while Southerners wanted the opposite. Eventually, the 2 sides compromised, moving Iowa's northern border farther south and allowing the rivers to serve equally the longitudinal boundaries.

16. Kansas
► Population: ii,911,505
► Size (foursquare miles): 81,758
► Capital: Topeka
► Founded: Jan. 29, 1861 (34th state to join)
► Famous landmarks: Monument Rocks National Natural Landmark
Kansas might have been much bigger than its current size had the proposed larger territory gotten congressional blessing. Its western purlieus would have extended to the Rocky Mountains in the centre of what is at present Colorado, and the northern boundary would be set at the Platte River. The boxing between "Big Kansas" and "Piddling Kansas" supporters was eventually decided in "Little Kansas" favor as a upshot of the Wyandotte Constitution, which created the state of Kansas.

17. Kentucky
► Population: 4,468,402
► Size (square miles): 39,486
► Capital: Frankfort
► Founded: June i, 1792 (15th state to join)
► Famous landmarks: Churchill Downs
Kentucky broke away from Virginia in 1792 and became the 15th land in the Union. The original border between Virginia and Due north Carolina was ready by the British in the colonial era at 36'30" north latitude and extended to the Mississippi River. All the same, subsequent surveying teams placed the boundary north by as many as 12 miles. This led to disputes between the ii states that were resolved in 1820.
A funky office of Kentucky's geography is The "Kentucky Bend." Also called "New Madrid Bend," it is part of Kentucky encircled on the north, e, and west by the Mississippi River, with the southern part adjoining Tennessee. These 30 foursquare miles of Kentucky were cut off from the rest of the state considering of surveyor errors and earthquakes that shifted the river.

18. Louisiana
► Population: four,659,978
► Size (square miles): 43,203
► Majuscule: Baton Rouge
► Founded: April 30, 1812 (18th state to join)
► Famous landmarks: Bourbon Street
Louisiana became part of the U.S. as the result of the Louisiana Buy in 1803. At the fourth dimension, its territory spanned from the Gulf of United mexican states to part of present-day Canada and from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains. The River Sabine was set equally the western boundary between Louisiana and Texas every bit outlined in the Louisiana Constitution of 1812. The Mississippi River forms Louisiana'southward eastern border with Mississippi. The northern border with Arkansas starts at 33 degrees northward latitude and the south borders the Gulf of United mexican states.

xix. Maine
► Population: 1,338,404
► Size (square miles): 30,842
► Capital letter: Augusta
► Founded: March 15, 1820 (23rd state to join)
► Famous landmarks: Portland Head Lighthouse
Maine was separate off from Massachusetts and admitted equally a state in 1820 to offset the admission of slaveholding Missouri. Its border with Canada was heavily disputed for decades. The border was not well-divers in the treaty that ended the Revolutionary War, and so the U.S. and the British compromised on the land'southward electric current purlieus in 1842.
With most of its border running forth Canada or the Atlantic Ocean, Maine's but American neighbour is New Hampshire. Though a 1740 decree from King George Ii supposedly gear up the border between them in the middle of the Piscataqua River, New Hampshire claimed that all of Portsmouth Harbor belonged to it and not Maine, forcing the Supreme Court to settle the dispute in 2001 in Maine's favor.

twenty. Maryland
► Population: 6,042,718
► Size (foursquare miles): ix,707
► Upper-case letter: Annapolis
► Founded: April 28, 1788 (seventh country to bring together)
► Famous landmarks: Fort McHenry National Monument
Maryland has one of the nigh unusual shapes of whatsoever state. Though the state is minor, it stretches 352 miles from Ocean City on the Atlantic Ocean to the Appalachian Mountains. A unique characteristic is the state'south panhandle, which in some parts is 1 mile wide, separating Pennsylvania from West Virginia. The Mason-Dixon line, drawn by English surveyors Charles Bricklayer and Jeremiah Dixon, created the 233-mile boundary between Maryland and Pennsylvania. The Potomac River splits Virginia and Maryland. The borders of the two were determined in colonial times by various charters, agreements, and several Supreme Court rulings.

21. Massachusetts
► Population: 6,902,149
► Size (foursquare miles): 7,800
► Capital: Boston
► Founded: Feb. 6, 1788 (6th state to join)
► Famous landmarks: Faneuil Hall
The boundary between Massachusetts and Rhode Isle is a part of the original delineation of the territory granted to Sir Henry Roswell during the reign of King Charles I in the tardily 17th century. It has been a source of dispute for more than 200 years and has gone to the Supreme Court twice. Massachusetts' electric current northern boundary with New Hampshire was surveyed in 1741. The country'due south border with Connecticut was gear up past a articulation commission authorized by acts passed by both states in 1905. The state'southward present boundary with New York was canonical past Massachusetts in 1901 and New York nine years afterwards.

22. Michigan
► Population: 9,995,915
► Size (square miles): 56,538
► Uppercase: Lansing
► Founded: Jan. 26, 1837 (26th state to join)
► Famous landmarks: Michigan Stadium
Michigan joined the United States every bit function of the larger territory America gained from Corking United kingdom after the American Revolution. Somewhen Congress created the Indiana Territory, of which Michigan became a part, then information technology became its own territory in 1805. Before it became a country, Michigan'due south legal boundary was established in an 1836 Act.
Since then, Michigan has been involved in boundary disputes with Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Ohio simply gained territory from Canada. Amidst the most notable disputes was a clash with Ohio in the 1830s over the Toledo Strip. Michigan hoped to gain Toledo and get access to Lake Erie. The federal authorities ruled in favor of Ohio. Every bit office of the settlement, Michigan received the western portion of the Upper Peninsula, which had been part of Wisconsin Territory.

23. Minnesota
► Population: 5,611,179
► Size (square miles): 79,626
► Capital: St. Paul
► Founded: May 11, 1858 (32nd land to join)
► Famous landmarks: Mall of America
Minnesota'south showtime boundary was formed before it was even a territory, when the 1783 Treaty of Paris established the border between the U.South. and Canada. The state'due south southern edge was adamant by the northern border of Iowa, which was decided in 1846, over a decade earlier Minnesota'south statehood.
The land'southward eastern edge runs forth the Mississippi River, while the northern section of the western partition runs along the Red River. Where the river splits to course the Minnesota River, the boundary begins to run due southward to the edge with Iowa.

24. Mississippi
► Population: ii,986,530
► Size (square miles): 46,923
► Capital: Jackson
► Founded: December. 10, 1817 (20th state to join)
► Famous landmarks: Vicksburg National Military Park
In 1798, Congress created the Mississippi Territory. Its original boundaries consisted of the area between the Mississippi River in the west and Chattahoochee River in the e; the 31st parallel in the south; and the region where the Yazoo River empties into the Mississippi River in the northward. In 1804, the northern boundary was extended to the Tennessee land line. Eight years later, the U.S. annexed more than land along the Gulf of Mexico Coast. Mississippi shares a long eastern border with Alabama. When Mississippi joined the Wedlock in 1817, Congress used the northwest corner of Washington County in Alabama as the main reference point for setting Mississippi's eastern purlieus.

25. Missouri
► Population: 6,126,452
► Size (square miles): 68,741
► Majuscule: Jefferson City
► Founded: Aug. ten, 1821 (24th land to join)
► Famous landmarks: Gateway Arch
Missouri became role of the United States every bit office of the Louisiana Purchase in 1803. The state borders viii states, and its current shape is the result of treaties, wars, and a Supreme Courtroom ruling. The Mississippi River is Missouri's eastern edge. The land's southern border is noted for the bootheel in the southeast, the result of lobbying by businessman John Hardeman Walker who wanted a small section of the border shifted farther south for commercial reasons and stay in the new state of Missouri and not in Arkansas Territory. Missouri'southward western border was put at Fort Osage on the Missouri River as part of a treaty with Native Americans. The northern boundary was a bailiwick of dispute with the Iowa Territory and was non resolved until 1849 by the Supreme Court.

26. Montana
► Population: 1,062,305
► Size (square miles): 145,545
► Capital: Helena
► Founded: Nov. 8, 1889 (41st land to join)
► Famous landmarks: Glacier National Park
Montana owes its contours to Sidney Edgerton, the state's first territorial governor. Montana was split from the massive Idaho Territory that included what is now Idaho, Montana, and part of Wyoming. Lincoln chose Edgerton as primary justice of the Idaho Territory Supreme Court, and Edgerton was picked to make Montana's case to get its own territory. Edgerton proposed making Montana's western boundary along the Bitterroot Mountains, and equally a result Montana, gained the riches of the Bitterroot Valley as well as the eventual wealth of Butte.

27. Nebraska
► Population: ane,929,268
► Size (foursquare miles): 76,824
► Capital: Lincoln
► Founded: March 1, 1867 (37th state to join)
► Famous landmarks: Scotts Bluff National Monument
The electric current area that comprises the country of Nebraska is just a fraction of what the Nebraska Territory used to exist. Later on being organized in 1854, the Nebraska Territory stretched from the Canadian border to present-day Kansas' northern purlieus, in between the Rocky Mountains and the Missouri River. This surface area contained parts of modern Colorado, Wyoming, Montana, North Dakota, Due south Dakota, and Nebraska. The territory was gradually whittled down as the federal regime introduced the Dakota, Idaho, and Colorado Territories. Nebraska actually grew after condign a state in 1867, acquiring land from the Sioux Tribe in 1889.

28. Nevada
► Population: 3,034,392,
► Size (square miles): 109,781
► Capital: Carson City
► Founded: Oct. 31, 1864 (36th land to join)
► Famous landmarks: Hoover Dam
Nevada's borders have expanded since it joined the Union in 1864. The northern border where Nevada meets Idaho and Oregon is the oldest purlieus in the W. The kickoff southern purlieus of the Nevada Territory was the 37th parallel, about 60 miles north of where Las Vegas is today. Nevada reached this southern point in 1867, when information technology took a section of the Arizona Territory. The northern section of the western border of Utah Territory, from which Nevada would be created, had been get-go established shortly after California's entry into the Spousal relationship in 1850 at the 120th degree of longitude. The diagonal line with California is described by California's constitution equally a straight line from the intersection of longitude 120 degrees with breadth 39 degrees downwards to the Colorado River at latitude 35 degrees.

29. New Hampshire
► Population: 1,356,458
► Size (square miles): 8,952
► Capital: Concord
► Founded: June 21, 1788 (ninth land to join)
► Famous landmarks: Mount Washington
New Hampshire'south shape traces its history back to the 1620s, when it was fabricated a colonial settlement through a series of grants from the British Monarchy. It was initially smaller, running between the Piscataqua and Merrimack Rivers.
New Hampshire and Massachusetts engaged in a series of disputes about the size and command of the region throughout the 1600s and early 1700s that were finally settled in the 18th century by a majestic decree from King George II. The state'southward eastern border with Maine was decreed to run through the middle of the Piscataqua River in 1740, but it was in dispute until a 2001 Supreme Court ruling settled it. New Hampshire's border to the w with Vermont was decided in 1790, when the state agreed to allow Vermont to have all lands to the due west of the Connecticut River as Vermont was considering whether to join the United States, remain independent, or become a British colony.

30. New Jersey
► Population: 8,908,520
► Size (square miles): 7,354
► Upper-case letter: Trenton
► Founded: December. 18, 1787 (3rd state to bring together)
► Famous landmarks: Washington's Crossing
New Jersey was originally a Dutch colony founded by Henry Hudson and called New Netherlands. And so the British took over in 1664. They divided the colony in half and gave control of the eastern portion to George Carteret and the western side to John Berkley. The land was renamed New Bailiwick of jersey after the Isle of Jersey of which Carteret had been governor. The Delaware River separates New Jersey from Pennsylvania in the west; the Hudson River provides the eastern edge with New York; and the Delaware Bay divides New Bailiwick of jersey from Delaware.

31. New Mexico
► Population: 2,095,428
► Size (square miles): 121,298
► Capital: Santa Fe
► Founded: Jan. vi, 1912 (47th state to join)
► Famous landmarks: Palace of the Governors
The southern edge of New United mexican states with Mexico was established post-obit the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848 that concluded the Mexican-American War. To organize the lands the U.Southward. got from Mexico, Congress passed The Compromise of 1850. This established a direct line at 37 degrees breadth n as the territory's northern border. Part of the western border of the New Mexico Territory was the Colorado River. The border in the eastward between New United mexican states and Texas was established by The Compromise of 1850.

32. New York
► Population: xix,542,209
► Size (square miles): 47,126
► Majuscule: Albany
► Founded: July 26, 1788 (11th country to join)
► Famous landmarks: Times Foursquare
After the British took the colony of New York from the Dutch, they controlled a region that included present-day New York country, the western half of Connecticut and Massachusetts, and all of Vermont. Present-twenty-four hours New York took shape after Vermont became its ain state in 1789 and Connecticut and Massachusetts expanded west. The state has mostly natural river and lake borders to its west and north. New York had a dispute along its southern border with Pennsylvania, which wanted the 43rd parallel latitude equally the boundary instead of the 42nd. That would have put Buffalo in Pennsylvania. However, New York prevailed.

33. North Carolina
► Population: ten,383,620
► Size (square miles): 48,617
► Capital: Raleigh
► Founded: November. 21, 1789 (twelfth state to bring together)
► Famous landmarks: Kitty Hawk
An Atlantic Coastal land, N Carolina'south northern and southern boundaries were determined fifty-fifty before the U.Due south. declared independence. The Carolina Province was split from Virginia by Charles II in 1663 forth the 36th parallel. The border was adjusted in 1665 and again in 1728.
N and South Carolina were considered to be separate territories before the 1700s, simply the dividing line was non made official until 1737. That border was adjusted several times throughout the tardily 1700s and early 1800s.

34. N Dakota
► Population: 760,077
► Size (square miles): 69,000
► Upper-case letter: Bismarck
► Founded: Nov. 2, 1889 (39th state to join)
► Famous landmarks: Border monuments on Dakotas border
The western part of what is at present N Dakota was part of the Louisiana Purchase. Its northern boundary with Canada was set at the 49th parallel as determined by the Treaty of Peace in 1818. The Red River comprises the eastern border of North Dakota and separates the state from Minnesota. The western purlieus is based on longitudinal measurements and the line is the 27th meridian. The southern boundary split the Dakota Territory into North and South Dakota and is almost 362 miles long.

35. Ohio
► Population: 11,689,442
► Size (foursquare miles): 40,860
► Capital: Columbus
► Founded: March one, 1803 (17th state to bring together)
► Famous landmarks: Rock 'n' Roll Hall of Fame
Ohio was the first state created out of the Northwest Territory, so its shape was largely determined by its southern and western neighbors and surrounding bodies of water. Its entire southern border equally well as much of its eastern border run along the Ohio River. The portion of the state edge that runs due north-due south was set by the preexisting edge of Pennsylvania. The western edge extends north from where the Great Miami and Ohio Rivers meet.
Ohio's northern purlieus mostly runs across Lake Erie. The balance was supposed to be delineated by an "east-and-west line drawn through the southerly bend or extreme of Lake Michigan," according to Congress in 1787, but lawmakers were using an inaccurate map, so Ohio extends a bit further due north than it was supposed to.

36. Oklahoma
► Population: iii,943,079
► Size (square miles): 68,594
► Capital: Oklahoma City
► Founded: Nov. 16, 1907 (46th state to join)
► Famous landmarks: Toll Belfry
The borders of Oklahoma, one of the last states to join the Union, were determined by the issue of slavery and relations with Native Americans. The state affixed its western boundary on the 100th meridian in 1930 after a series of failed attempts to discover the acme. The northern edge was settled in 1861, when Kansas became a state and lawmakers fix the boundary at 37 degrees breadth. The panhandle of Oklahoma -- one of its distinguishing characteristics -- was sold to the federal authorities in 1850 past Texas. Texas did this because as a slave state, information technology did not want its northern border to go in a higher place the 36 1/ii parallel, which would have violated the Missouri Compromise. Until 1890, when information technology was attached to Oklahoma Territory, the panhandle was a lawless land. Oklahoma'due south southern boundary, the due south bank of the Reddish River, was non officially settled until 2000 with the signing of the Red River Boundary Compact.

37. Oregon
► Population: 4,190,713
► Size (square miles): 95,988
► Capital letter: Salem
► Founded: Feb. 14, 1859 (33rd land to join)
► Famous landmarks: Mount Hood
With tensions rising between the U.S. and Britain, the 2 countries in 1846 signed a treaty that gave the U.S. all the territory from the 42nd parallel to the 49th parallel and as far e as the Continental Divide. The geographical region was named the Oregon Territory in 1848 and included what are at present the states of Oregon, Washington, Idaho, and western Montana. Oregon joined the Marriage in 1859 with its current boundaries. Some wanted to limit Oregon'southward eastward boundary to the Cascade Mountains, but that proposal was rejected.

38. Pennsylvania
► Population: 12,807,060
► Size (foursquare miles): 44,742
► Majuscule: Harrisburg
► Founded: Dec. 12, 1787 (2nd state to bring together)
► Famous landmarks: Independence Hall
One of the thirteen original colonies, Pennsylvania's borders consistently expanded for near a century afterward the state was chartered to William Penn in 1681. The Delaware River still separates it from its eastern neighbors New York and New Jersey, every bit it did in the 1600s. Pennsylvania added vast swaths of country throughout the 1700s, expanding west until finally acquiring the northwestern part of the state that runs across Lake Erie in 1792.
Pennsylvania was involved in an eight-year border dispute with its southern neighbor Maryland. The dispute was finally settled with the establishment of the Stonemason-Dixon line, which would continue to become the dividing line between North and South in the Ceremonious War.

39. Rhode Island
► Population: 1,057,315
► Size (square miles): 1,033
► Capital: Providence
► Founded: May 29, 1790 (13th state to bring together)
► Famous landmarks: The Flying Horse Carousel
Rhode Island was created after the Puritans in Massachusetts Bay Colony banished Roger Williams, who prepare a colony founded on religious tolerance. The Connecticut-Rhode Island border was disputed all through the 17th and 18th centuries. Both states' legislatures ratified a survey taken in 1840. Some other survey begun in 1940 and interrupted past World War 2 was not ratified by either land's lawmakers, though Rhode Isle has long observed it. Connecticut continues to honor the 1840 survey. The border of the Ocean State was originally established by surveyors Nathaniel Woodward and Solomon Saffery, who had been tasked with marking Massachusetts Bay Colony's southern border, a straight line west from a point three miles due south of the southernmost co-operative of the Charles River. Block Isle Sound is on Rhode Isle's southern edge.

forty. South Carolina
► Population: 5,084,127
► Size (square miles): 30,060
► Capital: Columbia
► Founded: May 23, 1788 (8th state to bring together)
► Famous landmarks: Fort Sumter
South Carolina and Due north Carolina were ane colony until 1729, when they separated and became their own colonies. Border disputes arose, and the two colonies created a commission to settle the dispute. They agreed that the purlieus should begin 30 miles southward of Cape Fearfulness and a directly line should run northwest until it reached the 35th parallel and then go west to the Pacific Ocean. Surveying errors forced a correction and the boundary was moved 17 miles north of the 35th parallel and west to the Saluda Mountains. The southern boundary had been established past the second Carolina charter in 1665, placing that border near where Daytona Embankment, Florida, is today. The Atlantic Ocean is to the e of South Carolina.The Savannah River comprise the western edge between S Carolina and Georgia.

41. South Dakota
► Population: 882,235
► Size (square miles): 75,811
► Capital: Pierre
► Founded: Nov. 2, 1889 (40th state to join)
► Famous landmarks: Mount Rushmore
South Dakota's eastern boundaries were set by u.s. that came before it. The northern department of its eastern border runs along the Bois de Sioux River, and so goes due s and meets upward with the Big Sioux River. Its southern edge was determined by the northern edge of Nebraska, which was set at the 43rd parallel to the Missouri River.
The dividing line of the Dakotas is set at the northern tip of the Coteau des Prairies plateau.
Due south Dakota's western edge was gear up at the 104th meridian back when information technology was office of the Dakota Territories.

42. Tennessee
► Population: half-dozen,770,010
► Size (square miles): 41,234
► Uppercase: Nashville
► Founded: June ane, 1796 (16th land to join)
► Famous landmarks: Graceland
Landlocked Tennessee borders eight states. At ane time, the Mississippi River was its western edge. Only the river has meandered, causing confusion with neighboring states Missouri and Arkansas. The Supreme Court has ruled that the western border of Tennessee tin can't be shifted because of geographic changes caused past river movements.
As for the southern border, in 1818 Georgia and Tennessee appointed University of Georgia professor James Camak and Tennessee mathematician James Gaines to survey the border of their respective states. When Congress voted to make Tennessee a state in 1796, information technology ready the boundary between Georgia and Tennessee at 35 degrees north breadth. Camak and Gaines put the border about a mile south of 35 degrees n. That border continues west to the Mississippi River.
To the east is North Carolina, from which northeast Tennessee separated in the 18th century. Its northern border was created during the colonial era when the British Crown declared that the border between Due north Carolina and Virginia would exist 36 degrees, thirty minutes n latitude. That line continued w when Kentucky and Tennessee were established.

43. Texas
► Population: 28,701,845
► Size (square miles): 261,231
► Capital: Austin
► Founded: Dec. 29, 1845 (28th state to bring together)
► Famous landmarks: The Alamo
The independent Republic of Texas in one case stretched into present-twenty-four hours Wyoming before it was pared down for statehood. A treaty with Espana mandated that Texas' eastern edge traces the path of the Sabine River until the 32nd parallel, so due northward to the Red River, west to the 100th superlative, and so north once again.
Texas' southern purlieus was fix along the Rio Grande later the land was acquired through the Treaty of Velasco in 1836 after Texas won the war for its independence. Afterward nine years of independence, Texas began the process of becoming a U.S. state. It got its distinctive shape after the Compromise of 1850, when it sold some of its northwestern land expanse in exchange for the U.Due south. taking on its massive debt load.

44. Utah
► Population: iii,161,105
► Size (foursquare miles): 82,169
► Capital: Salt Lake Urban center
► Founded: January. four, 1896 (45th state to join)
► Famous landmarks: Monument Valley
The land where Utah is at present located was ceded from Mexico in 1848. Mormon settlers moved there from New York years before to try to leave the relatively new U.Southward. The Mormons wanted to form their own state, called Deseret, merely Congress shrunk the land and named information technology Utah. From 1850 to 1861, the Utah Territory included all of nowadays-day Utah, as well as parts of Nevada, Wyoming, and Colorado.
Afterwards silver was discovered in Nevada, it became its own state. The same happened when gold was discovered in Colorado and in Wyoming. Utah'due south edge with Wyoming was established forth the 111th meridian, giving Utah its distinctive shape and the borders it now has to this day.

45. Vermont
► Population: 626,299
► Size (foursquare miles): nine,216
► Capital: Montpelier
► Founded: March 4, 1791 (14th state to join)
► Famous landmarks: Rudyard Kipling Firm-Naulakha
Vermont had been part of the colony of New York, but when the king of England ruled in favor of New York over state disputes, Vermonters declared themselves a republic in 1777. Led past Ethan Allen, the fledgling nation fifty-fifty tried to join the province of Quebec during the Revolution but was rejected. After the state of war ended, Vermont paid New York coin to settle land claims, and it was admitted to the Marriage in 1791. The Vermont-New Hampshire border meanders along the Connecticut River that forms a major role of Vermont'south eastern border. Vermont's southern border with Massachusetts is basically a straight line on the 42nd breadth and its shortest boundary.

46. Virginia
► Population: 8,517,685
► Size (square miles): 39,490
► Capital: Richmond
► Founded: June 25, 1788 (tenth country to join)
► Famous landmarks: Arlington National Cemetery
Virginia was the first colony settled by the English language in 1607, and since that time, its size has inverse. In 1792, nine counties called the Kentucky District of Virginia bankrupt abroad from Virginia and became their own state. In 1863, the western counties of Virginia split up to become the land of West Virginia. The Potomac River divides Virginia and Maryland. The borders betwixt the ii were determined in colonial times past diverse charters, agreements, and several Supreme Court rulings. Virginia as well has territory on the southern part of the Delmarva peninsula considering of aggressive claims past Surveyor Full general of Virginia Edmund Scarborough in the tardily 17th century. The Virginia-Due north Carolina border was delineated in 1665 as the 36° 30" parallel of latitude and was resolved in ii major joint survey efforts in 1728 and 1749. The Atlantic Sea is to the due east of Virginia.

47. Washington
► Population: seven,535,591
► Size (foursquare miles): 66,455
► Capital letter: Olympia
► Founded: Nov. xi, 1889 (42nd state to join)
► Famous landmarks: Space Needle
Sitting at the northwestern tip of the contiguous U.S., Washington's northern border with Canada and western boundary with the Pacific Sea were in identify well before information technology became a state. The surface area that is at present Washington joined America as part of the Oregon Territory in 1848.
In just a few years, people in the northern office of the Oregon Territory felt neglected by their legislators, and in 1853, Congress allowed for the creation of the Washington Territory, which includes present-24-hour interval Washington, Idaho's panhandle, and part of western Montana. Washington was reshaped to its current borders in 1863, when the Idaho Territory was established, though it would have to wait more than than 25 more years every bit a territory before gaining statehood.

48. W Virginia
► Population: i,805,832
► Size (square miles): 24,038
► Capital: Charleston
► Founded: June twenty, 1863 (35th state to join)
► Famous landmarks: The Greenbriar
In 1863, the western counties of Virginia split to become the state of West Virginia. The state's eastern edge runs forth the Mason-Dixon Line. The state has ii panhandles. The Northern Panhandle was formed by the Ohio River along W Virginia's western border. The southern section of the Eastern Panhandle was created afterward West Virginia separated from Virginia. To the northward, the Potomac River and the North Branch of the Potomac River create a natural border.

49. Wisconsin
► Population: 5,813,568
► Size (square miles): 54,157
► Capital: Madison
► Founded: May 29, 1848 (30th state to join)
► Famous landmarks: Lambeau Field
Wisconsin was included in the Louisiana Purchase of 1803 and it used to brand upwards a vast landmass in the Midwest when it was called the Wisconsin Territory. That area included present-twenty-four hours states of Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, and the eastern one-half of the Dakotas. The Upper Peninsula was office of the Wisconsin Territory, but the federal authorities took that away from Wisconsin in 1836 and gave information technology to Michigan to assist resolve a dispute with Ohio. Chicago would have been in Wisconsin had not Illinois lobbied to move its border northward. The Mississippi River forms a section of Wisconsin's western border, while Great Lakes Superior and Michigan border Wisconsin to the north and eastward, respectively.

fifty. Wyoming
► Population: 577,737
► Size (square miles): 97,093
► Capital: Cheyenne
► Founded: July 10, 1890 (44th state to bring together)
► Famous landmarks: Former True-blue
Unlike many territories that later became states, Wyoming's shape never changed throughout its time every bit a territory. The rectangular state was made from parts of the Dakota, Idaho, and Utah territories and used longitudinal and latitudinal lines to marking its borders. The country's borders run along the 104 and 111 degrees w longitude lines and 41 and 45 degrees north latitude lines.
24/seven Wall Street is a USA TODAY content partner offering financial news and commentary. Its content is produced independently of The states TODAY.
Source: https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/2021/04/10/this-is-how-each-state-got-its-shape/43513185/
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